What is it? Who does it? And how does it stack up against other styles?
Value investing is buying companies at less than their intrinsic value. The discount of the market price to the intrinsic value is called the “margin of safety”.
For some it’s all about buying shares on low price-to-earnings ratios (PERs); others buy tangible assets for less than their book value.
The term Margin of Safety was first coined by Benjamin Graham, who is largely recognised as the father of value investing. There have been many adopters of this style and approach to investing including famous investors Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger and Seth Klarman, just to name a few. Berkshire Hathaway, the company run by Warren Buffett, is a standout example of the performance of value investing. Had you bought one share for US$19 back in 1964, that one share would now be worth approximately US$223,000.
Numerous studies have been published that prove value investing is a successful investment strategy over the long term, but few go so far to compare it to growth investing. Fidelity provided a reasonable analysis comparing the two styles over 25 years across different market caps in the US. Whilst well worth a read in its entirety, the summary suggests “that a value ‘tilt’ may be justified in the long run”.
In what can only be viewed as validation of this investment style (if the Berkshire Hathaway share price example wasn’t enough), Seth Klarman authored ‘Margin of Safety, Risk Averse Value Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor’, which has become a value investing classic. Now out of print, there are a few copies currently available on Amazon at a starting price of $1,044.97 plus shipping. I wonder if there is any margin of safety at those prices? I’m reluctant to think what the Price to Book (pardon the pun) multiple is.
